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Inter-row Spacing
Minimum row-to-row pitch to avoid winter shading.
MechanicalCore inputs only — quick sizing with engineering defaults.
Inputs (SI units)
Results
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Engineering Formula
- α_solar = 90 − |φ| − 23.45 (winter solstice noon)
- Shadow = W × sin(tilt) / tan(α_solar)
- Pitch = W × cos(tilt) + Shadow
Uses winter solstice noon solar altitude. Shadow length gives inter-row gap needed to avoid front-row shading between 09:00–15:00.
Step-by-step Calculation
- 1.Altitude
90-|φ|-23.4537.95° - 2.Shadow
W·sinβ/tanα1.24 m - 3.Pitch
W·cosβ+Shadow3.3 m
Design Assumptions
- • Portrait single-tilt, flat land, north-south rows.
Engineering Tips
- ◆Use GCR = W·cos(tilt) / Pitch as a design KPI (0.35–0.55).
Warnings
- ▲Do not shrink pitch to fit more panels — DC yield drops non-linearly.
Standards & References
IEC 62548 §7.7NREL row-spacing