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Azimuth Deviation Loss
Annual energy loss vs deviation from true south (N-hem).
PerformanceCore inputs only — quick sizing with engineering defaults.
Inputs (SI units)
Results
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Engineering Formula
- Loss ≈ 0.00015 × θ² [fraction], θ in degrees
- Energy captured = cos²(θ/2) approximation
Small deviations (±20°) cost little (< 5%). East/west facing arrays lose ~15–20% annually vs due south.
Step-by-step Calculation
- 1.|Deviation|
|θ|0° - 2.Loss
0.015·θ²0 %
Design Assumptions
- • Fixed tilt near latitude.
- • N-hem convention: 0° = due south, +ve = west.
Engineering Tips
- ◆Prefer south ± 15° whenever roof allows.
- ◆SW bias favors evening self-consumption tariffs.
Warnings
- ▲Losses > 25% typically require plant redesign or tracking.
Standards & References
NREL PVWatts
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Shading Loss
Annual generation loss from partial shading.
Temperature Loss
Power derating from cell temperature above STC 25 °C.
Irradiance → Energy
PV energy produced from measured irradiance.
Peak Sun Hours
Convert daily insolation to Peak Sun Hours.
Monthly Yield Split
Distribute annual generation across months (India typical).